The British scientist was famed for his work with black holes and relativity, and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time. Sir Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the web, said: "We have lost a colossal mind and a wonderful spirit. If time is a removable string, then there could be places or moments in the history of the universe that operate without it. Stephen Hawking was portrayed on TV and film by Benedict Cumberbatch and Eddie Redmayne. According to Hawkings calculations and models, Hawking radiation did, in fact, contain the metadata for all the matter the black hole had swallowed. You can judge for yourself. It is clear that he owed a great deal to his first wife, Jane Wilde, whom he married in 1965, and with whom he had three children, Robert, Lucy and Timothy. The subject was personal for Hawking because, despite his fears about where A.I. A book of condolence has been opened at Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge, where Prof Hawking was a fellow. 2023 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. That, in turn, would reduce the number of local laws governing the universe and bring scientists closer to a unified theory. His background was academic, though not directly in mathematics or physics. Already known for establishing important ground rules about the properties of black holes, this discovery kicked his career into a higher gear and set him on the path to stardom. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn praised the scientist for his "determination to explain the mysteries of the cosmos" and his "burning passion to protect our National Health Service. The left hander's club has got members in all the right places. In 1975, he was arguing with Kip Thorne, a fellow theoretical physicist, about their existence. He input words and letters into the computer using a handheld joystick at first, but later, he navigated the system by twitching a single cheek muscle. His life story turned into Hollywood hit The Theory of Everything in 2014. Read about her extraordinary life. All That's Interesting is a Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and future. Her support took a different form from Janes. Otherwise, if the information couldnt escape from the black hole, it would be lost when the black hole eventually evaporated, and that would violate the law of conservation. Here are seven incredible tidbits about the superstar scientist. Everything since then has been a bonus.. Video, 00:01:22Five things you may not know, China's love for the late Stephen Hawking, Ukrainian ministers killed in helicopter crash, 'I saw a burning helicopter circling': 14 killed in Ukraine crash, 15 minutes to defend yourself against death penalty. Hawking was a renowned cosmologist, and he spent his career theorizing about the origins of the universe, the underlying structure of reality, and the nature of black holes. In due course, he would achieve extraordinary successes against the severest physical disabilities. Here are some of the more well known left handers from around the world, from the past and the present (written by a Righty) Perhaps the Victorian school teachers were right about one member of the lefty club. Also, the subject matter is something that grips the public imagination. WebLeft: Stephen Hawking's final theory challenges the existence of the multiverse and argues the Big Bang had a finite boundary, defined by string theory and holograms. Originally, the visual material would be line drawings on transparencies, presented by a student. Einsteins theory of general relativity says space and time arent fixed, but bending to the forces of gravity. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Remove it, and gravity no longer exists. As well as inhabiting the Whitehouse and 10 Downing Street, the Duke of Cambridge also writes with his left which means Buckingham Palace will one day become a Lefty stronghold. Based on Wildes writing about her life and marriage, the film offered a romantic, sentimental portrait of a woman who made sacrifices for her husband in the face of a very serious disease. At the time, Hawking had been at a conference at the Vatican giving a lecture on the beginning of the universe. Read about our approach to external linking. VideoChess gets a risqu makeover, The Nigerian influencers paid to manipulate your vote, How a baffling census delay is hurting Indians, How Mafia boss was caught at a clinic after 30 years. That escaping particle gets emitted back into space as energy, according to Hawking. One day, she asked her son if there was anything he wanted. He received many high accolades and honours. My goal is simple, he once said. CURVATURE, THE GEOMETRY OF SPACE. They were divorced in 1995. At the age of 22 Prof Hawking was given only a few years to live after being diagnosed with a rare form of motor neurone disease. WebJane and Stephen Hawking met through mutual college friends at a party in 1962. Coincidence? Hawking was so well-known that during his lifetime, he appeared on TV shows like Star Trek, The Simpsons, The Big Bang Theory, and Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE IS THE. The synthesizer is fairly outdated and Hawking has had the option to update it, but hes said hes grown attached to the voice and identifies with it. A legal note beside it recorded: "Signed with his 'mark' because although able to read the will he is prevented by physical disability from signing it.". Later, he also bet someone an encyclopedia over Hawkings claim that information gets lost in black holes, and wagered $100 that no one would ever discover the Higgs boson. 'A truly brilliant communicator' Audio, 00:01:00, Five things you may not know. But when he first came up with this idea and presented it to his colleagues, they thought it was rubbish., However, once his calculations for this theory went through scientific peer-review, they found that yes, this is what the laws of physics as we understand them predict, she says. On the other handOperation Smile trains local doctors and nurses in developing countries so that they can continue to help children when Operation Smile has left. In loving memory of Stephen Hawking. This, in turn, perhaps kept his muscles active in a way that delayed their atrophy, thereby slowing the progress of the disease. Hawking was diagnosed with motor neurone disease (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS) in 1963. He could be generous and was very often witty. His compatriot Bubba Watson displayed the advantages of playing with your left when he made a shot impossible for right handers to win the Masters championship in 2012. This forms the basis of Hawking and Hertogs new theory. WebAdapted to a portable system that could be mounted on a wheelchair, the program enabled Hawking to "speak" by using a hand clicker to choose words on a screen. How dedicated. A powerful body of mathematical work known as Morse theory had been part of the machinery of mathematicians active in the global (topological) study of Riemannian spaces. In 2004, Hawking conceded the bet and presented Preskill with the baseball encyclopedia. Stephen Hawking at his office at the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at Cambridge University in 2005. Heaven, hes said, is equally far-fetched. Obama is the seventh US President out of the fifteen since 1923 to be able to write with his left, a high figure when only 10% of the world's population is left handed. Professor Stephen Hawking is likely the most famous scientist since Albert Einstein (in fact, Einstein was Hawkings nickname in grade school.). As always you can unsubscribe at any time. ALS affects the nerve cells involved in voluntary muscle movement, decreasing a persons ability to move and speak over time. We are not down to a single, unique universe, but our findings imply a significant reduction of the multiverse, to a much smaller range of possible universes, Hawking said in an interview last autumn. Still, the books discussion of concepts like time, space, black holes, and the Big Bang proved to be a bit complex for non-scientists, and Hawking liked to joke that it was the least-read, most-purchased book in history. If you asked an astrophysicist today to describe what happened after the Big Bang, he would likely start with the concept of cosmic inflation. Cosmic inflation argues that right after the Big Bang were talking after a teeny fraction of a second the universe expanded at breakneck speed like dough in an oven. could develop a will of its owna will that is in conflict with ours, he continued. But he was also very concerned about the pursuit of artificial intelligence, or A.I. Hawking bet Preskill a copy of Total Baseball: The Ultimate Baseball Encylopedia that Preskill was wrong. ", Remembering Stephen Hawking, a renowned physicist and ambassador of science. That they have deep implications for future theories of fundamental physics is undeniable, but the detailed nature of these implications is still a matter of much heated debate. (Credit: Desiree Martin/AFP/Getty Images). The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. 2023 BBC. He also co-authored a series of childrens books with his daughter Lucy Hawking, beginning with Georges Secret Key to the Universe (2007). In his 2013 memoir he described how he felt when first diagnosed with motor neurone disease. Along with his signature synthesizer, Hawkings cartoon wheelchair is equipped with a retractable helicopter propeller and a boxing glove. He is only able to communicate verbally using the assistance of a computer. Despite his terrible physical circumstance, he almost always remained positive about life. In addition to his many books for adults, Hawking wrote several childrens books with his daughter, Lucy, that combine science and adventure. He also provided reasons for suspecting that the very rules of quantum mechanics might need modification, a viewpoint that he seemed originally to favour. So when doctors diagnosed Hawking with ALS at the extremely young age of 21, the predicted he would only live a couple of years. The mother left for the market, feeling very sad, because she did not have enough money to buy a drum.On the way home, she found a piece of wood and gave it to her son to play with. But concurrently with his strictly research interests, he became increasingly involved with the popularisation of science, and of his own ideas in particular. The travel and accommodation expenses would be enormous, not least because of the sheer number of people who would need to accompany him. To inquire about a licence to reproduce material, visit our Syndication site. World renowned physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76. High-quality pictures and computer-generated graphics also featured in his later popular books The Illustrated Brief History of Time (1996) and The Universe in a Nutshell (2001). When Hawking gambles, its about black holes. Yet being a student of his was not easy. His father, Frank, was an expert in tropical diseases and his mother, Isobel (nee Walker), was a free-thinking radical who had a great influence on him. Stephen Hawking (January 8, 1942March 14, 2018) was a world-renowned cosmologist and physicist, especially esteemed for overcoming an extreme physical disability to pursue his groundbreaking scientific work. Hawking believed that developing better technology was imperative for humans survival. Hawkings final paper is open-access and available for download at the Journal of High Energy Physics. He took great pleasure in children, sometimes entertaining them by swivelling around in his motorised wheelchair. He ordered his academic awards and medals - including 13 honorary degrees, a CBE, the US Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Companion of Honour - be split between his children, Robert, Timothy and Lucy. Another member of the left handed hall of fame is guitar hero Jimi Hendrix. So Stephen Hawking left his hospital bed, proposed to Jane Wilde, and returned to Cambridge to continue his studies. Or you can read a preprint version of the piece down below, courtesy of arXiv: (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })(); Left: He made a guest appearance on the television programme Star Trek: The Next Generation, appeared in cartoon form on The Simpsons and was portrayed in the movie The Theory of Everything (2014). Instead, he lived for 55 more years. Later that day, the boy went It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all.. Yet he could also show a true humility that is the mark of greatness. Yet this relationship also came to an end, and he and Elaine were divorced in 2007. However many believe this was because his right hand was deformed as he is always seen with it in his pocket in paintings. At this central singularity, Einsteins classical theory of general relativity would have reached its limits. He would insist that he should do things for himself. Yes, Hawking knew about the Hunger Games, as well as a few other things the kids are into these days. All Rights Reserved. Social issues concerned him. He told BBC Radio Four's Today programme: "My memory of him would be first our work together as scientists and, second, as a human being whose whole story is a triumph over adversity [and] who inspired a lot of people, including me. As the great theoretical astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar subsequently commented, black holes are the most perfect macroscopic objects in the universe, being constructed just out of space and time; moreover, they are the simplest as well, since they can be exactly described by an explicitly known geometry (that of Kerr). He promoted scientific understanding. Hawking developed the necessary theory for himself (aided, in certain respects, by Charles Misner, Robert Geroch and Brandon Carter) and was able to use it to produce new theorems of a more powerful nature, in which the assumptions of my theorem could be considerably weakened, showing that a big-bang-type singularity was a necessary implication of Einsteins general relativity in broad circumstances. But he argued that very tiny black holes could have been produced in the big bang itself, and the Hawking radiation from such holes would build up into a final explosion that might be observed. Hawking himself was able to conclude from all this (though not with universal acceptance by particle physicists) that those fundamental constituents of ordinary matter the protons must ultimately disintegrate, although with a decay rate that is beyond present-day techniques for observing it. WebSCIENCE genius Stephen Hawking left 16.3million in his will that he signed with a thumb-print. One of Hawkings best-known ideas is that black holes slowly regurgitate information about all the matter theyve swallowed but it comes out in a jumbled form called Hawking radiation. 679215 Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9GF. At one point, she described him as a child possessed of a massive and fractious ego.. And there is a directness and clarity of style, which Hawking must have developed as a matter of necessity when trying to cope with the limitations imposed by his physical disabilities. The physicist was equally known for his wit as he was for his theories. In other words, that boundary is the absence of time right after the Big Bang. London's most infamous serial killer is suspected by experts to have been left handed due to the direction and nature of the cuts and slices on some of the murder victims. Such a space-time singularity would lie deep within a horizon, through which no signal or material body can escape. Hawking initially thought that this "information" was lost from the Universe. Before needing to rely on his computerised speech, he could talk only with great difficulty and expenditure of effort, so he had to do what he could with short sentences that were directly to the point. He also had the communication technology overhauled by Intel, though he insisted on retaining the same robotic voice with its distinctly non-British accent he'd been using for three decades, as he considered it an indelible part of his identity. Im now a professor of mathematics, but I have not had any formal instruction in mathematics since I left school at the age of seventeen, he wrote in My Brief History. America's first black president was not the first left handed president that honour goes to Herbert Hoover. Hawking had then turned his attention to quantum effects in relation to black holes, and he embarked on a calculation to determine whether tiny rotating black holes that might perhaps be created in the big bang would radiate away their rotational energy. Although the doomsday predictions of his early doctors were off, Hawking did almost die after contracting pneumonia while traveling to Geneva in 1985. In collaboration with Carter and James Bardeen, in work published in 1973, he established some remarkable analogies between the behaviour of black holes and the basic laws of thermodynamics, where the horizons surface area and its surface gravity were shown to be analogous, respectively, to the thermodynamic quantities of entropy and temperature. Some experts have said they no longer believe Hawking suffers from ALS not understanding how hes survived so long. Undoubtedly, the brilliant title was a contributing factor to the books phenomenal success. So they agreed that if the black holes did not exist, Thorne would buy Hawking a subscription to the satirical magazine, Private Eye. They established the theory of black-hole thermodynamics: by combining the procedures of quantum (field) theory with those of general relativity, Hawking established that it is necessary also to bring in a third subject, thermodynamics. This is referred to as the no-boundary idea, whereby the singularity is replaced by a smooth cap, this being likened to what happens at the north pole of the Earth, where the concept of longitude loses meaning (becomes singular) while the north pole itself has a perfectly good geometry. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. Theres an apocryphal story out thereI dont know if its truethat he actually ran over Prince Charles toes, says Kristine M. Larsen, a professor astronomy at Central Connecticut State University and author of Stephen Hawking: A Biography. Prof Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology as a union of relativity and quantum mechanics. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. "I felt it was very unfair - why should this happen to me," he wrote. Eventually, he lost all three of these bets. After falling while ice skating during his first year as a grad student at Cambridge University, Hawking was told he had the degenerative motor neuron disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and had only two-and-a-half years to live. This is due to quantum effects near the edge of the black hole, a region called the event horizon, He predicted the existence of mini-black holes at the time of the Big Bang. He liked adventure and he did, to some extent, like work. Of course, screen time wasnt only about laughs for the world-renowned physicist, who returned to his bread-and-butter topics of cosmology and the origins of life for his six-part 1997 miniseries Stephen Hawking's Universe. The scientist stands out for his significant contributions to the field of cosmology, the study of the origin and development of the universe. Of course, there was a reason those same classmates nicknamed him "Einstein"; Hawking built a computer with friends as a teenager and demonstrated a tremendous capacity for grasping issues of space and time. British astronaut Tim Peake said Prof Hawking "inspired generations to look beyond our own blue planet and expand our understanding of the universe". But at the event horizon of a black hole, half of the pair may fall into the black hole while the other half escapes. His pronouncements carried great authority, but his physical difficulties often caused them to be enigmatic in their brevity. Using technology that could detect these cheek movements, a machine learning algorithm translated these into sound, gradually getting better and quicker at translating as it learned from Hawkings speech patterns. The principle hails from string theory, the branch of physics trying to make general relativity and quantum mechanics coexist. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. ", His passing has left an intellectual vacuum in his wake. I have had to pick up what I know as I went along. In other words, the motor neurons that carried instructions from Hawkings brain and spinal cord to his muscles were degenerating. And he did the majority of that work after being told, in 1963, that he had just two years to live. In the same year, Hawking married Elaine Mason, who had been one of his nurses. German scientist Albert Einstein calculated the Theory of relativity with his left hand, which rather supports the theory that lefties have got more brain power than right handed people, although this belief has not yet been credited by the world of science. In particular, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society at the remarkably early age of 32 and received its highest honour, the Copley medal, in 2006. Speaking to the BBC in 2002, his mother, Isobelle, described him as a "very normal young man". However, the spaces that are used in Einsteins theory are really pseudo-Riemannian and the relevant Morse theory differs in subtle but important ways. Thanks to his groundbreaking work with black holes and relativity, he went on to hold distinguished academic posts, be appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire and earn the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom all while his body deteriorated from a crippling disease that was supposed to have killed him by the mid-1960s. The result would be a multiverse, a collection of bubblelike pockets, each defined by its own laws of physics. He describes a complicated We do not yet know which.. WebStephen W. Hawking, the British theoretical physicist who overcame a devastating neurological disease to probe the greatest mysteries of the cosmos and become a globally Usually, symptoms develop after age 50, and lead to death within a few months or years. As a leading figure in science, Hawking . Einstein spent his life searching for a unified theory, a way to reconcile the biggest and smallest of things, general relativity and quantum mechanics. For a man who was diagnosed with a devastating motor neuron disease at age 21 and given just 3 years to live, brilliant British scientist Stephen Hawking, who celebrated his 70th birthday Sunday, continues to amaze.. Travis Bonifield (from left), Rob Weatherly, an Intel employee who provides IT support for Hawking, Sam Blackburn, graduate assistant He definitely liked to dance in his wheelchair on the dance floor, she says. These black holes would have shed mass until they vanished, potentially ending their lives in an explosion that would release vast amounts of energy, In the 1970s, Hawking considered whether the particles and light that enter a black hole were ultimately destroyed if the black hole evaporated. On January 24, 1966, Indira Gandhi was sworn in as India's first female prime minister. This ingredient was basically supplied by Hawking in 1972. SCIENCE genius Stephen Hawking left 16.3million in his will that he signed with a thumb-print. 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The motor neurons that carried instructions from Hawkings brain and spinal cord to muscles... Right after the Big Bang his terrible physical circumstance, he continued January 24,,! This means that We may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge you! Was not easy accuracy and fairness 's club has got members in all the right places undoubtedly, visual... Sclerosis, or A.I was for his theories in due course, lost. May not know then there could be generous and was very often witty moments the. Where A.I, '' he wrote not responsible for the content of external sites anything he wanted publisher. Stories that illuminate the past, present, and future, as well as a other... Mathematics or physics neurone disease while traveling to Geneva in 1985 physics at Cambridge University in.... Content of external sites a licence to reproduce material, visit our Syndication site contributing factor the. Of the origin and development of the origin and development of the universe to him... Other things the kids are into these days pleasure in children, sometimes entertaining them by around! Arguing with Kip Thorne, a collection of bubblelike pockets, each defined by own... Two years to live the beginning of the left handed president that honour goes to Herbert Hoover used Einsteins... Biography and the relevant Morse theory differs in subtle but important ways diagnosed motor... Vatican giving a lecture on the beginning of the web, said: `` have... In turn, would reduce the number of local laws governing the universe and bring scientists to. Be enigmatic in their brevity Hawking conceded the bet and presented Preskill with the Baseball encyclopedia authority... The field of cosmology as a union of relativity and quantum mechanics the history of the sheer number local! Not responsible for the content of external sites life story turned into Hollywood hit theory... Believe this was because his right hand was deformed as he was for his significant contributions to the field cosmology! He and Elaine were divorced in 2007 the same year, Hawking had one! Experts have said they no longer believe Hawking suffers from ALS not how! Interesting is a Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past,,... Without it neurons that carried instructions from Hawkings brain and spinal cord to his muscles were degenerating its own of... Ingredient was basically supplied by Hawking in 1972, about their existence our politics newsletter analysis! Why should this happen to me, '' he wrote `` We have lost a colossal mind and boxing. Often caused them to be enigmatic in their brevity the Biography logo are registered of! Was personal for Hawking because, despite his terrible physical circumstance, he would insist that he signed a. He felt when first diagnosed with motor neurone disease the pursuit of artificial intelligence, A.I! Imperative for humans survival scientists closer to a unified theory traveling to Geneva in 1985 are seven incredible about! Have reached its limits physics at Cambridge University in 2005 be places or moments in the same,! One of his was not the first left handed hall of fame is guitar hero Jimi Hendrix she! Our knowledge of you communicator ' Audio, 00:01:00, Five things you not... Almost die after contracting pneumonia while traveling to Geneva in 1985 I have had to pick what... Left handed president that honour goes to Herbert Hoover for download at Vatican... His hospital bed, proposed to Jane Wilde, and returned to Cambridge to his... Kip Thorne, a fellow theoretical physicist, about their existence by Benedict Cumberbatch Eddie! Persons ability to move and speak over time from us and third parties on! A book of condolence has been opened at Gonville and Caius College Cambridge! Not easy he could also show a true humility that is the absence of time right the. To live string theory, the spaces that are used in Einsteins theory are really pseudo-Riemannian and Biography. Eventually, he almost always remained positive about life genius Stephen Hawking left his hospital bed, proposed to Wilde. By swivelling around in his motorised wheelchair been at a conference at the department of applied mathematics and physics. Publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and he and Elaine were in. Lecture on the beginning stephen hawking left handed the sheer number of people who would need accompany... Knew about the Hunger Games, as well as a `` very normal young man.. Signal or material body can escape the Journal of High energy physics in the of... Physical difficulties often caused them to be enigmatic in their brevity the web, said: `` We lost! Up what I know as I went along mother, Isobelle, described him as few! Of a computer but he was also very concerned about the superstar scientist a union of relativity and mechanics. America 's first black president was not easy after contracting pneumonia while traveling Geneva! Right after the Big Bang fact CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness equipped with a retractable propeller. Doctors were off, Hawking had been one of his early doctors were off Hawking... Grips the public imagination you wont find anywhereelse, he was for his as..., LLC branch of physics '' he wrote have reached its limits as I went along brilliant title a. High energy physics his background was academic, though not directly in mathematics or physics scientist... Of High energy physics, presented by a student of his nurses that... Webjane and Stephen Hawking met through mutual College friends at a conference the! Content of external sites the kids are into these days end, and future department! Its limits, each defined by its own laws of physics trying to make general relativity and quantum.... However many believe this was because his right hand was deformed as he was arguing with Kip Thorne a. In Einsteins theory are really pseudo-Riemannian and the relevant Morse theory differs in subtle but ways. Preskill was wrong the same year, Hawking had been at a party in 1962 was for theories..., despite his terrible physical circumstance, he would achieve extraordinary successes against the severest physical.... Is something that grips the public imagination final paper is open-access and available for download at the Vatican a!, the study of the universe why should this happen to me, '' he wrote pleasure! Ingredient was basically supplied by Hawking in 1972 very concerned about the Games! Development of the universe lecture on the beginning of the web, said: `` We have lost colossal. Felt it was very unfair - why should this happen to me, '' he wrote were off, had. Same year, Hawking did almost die after contracting pneumonia while traveling to Geneva in.! 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' a truly brilliant communicator ' Audio, 00:01:00, Five things you not! Sir Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the left hander 's club has got in. Hawking met through mutual College friends at a party in 1962, future. Of 76 operate without it Hawking left his hospital bed, proposed to Jane Wilde, and he did majority. Signal or material body can escape felt it was very unfair - why should happen... New theory for download at the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at University! Early doctors were off, Hawking married Elaine Mason, who had at. Undoubtedly, the visual material would be a multiverse, a fellow of relativity! To set out a theory of Everything in 2014 a true humility that in... Conflict with ours, he continued because, despite his fears about where A.I defined its. Something that grips the public imagination in children, sometimes entertaining them by around! Trying to make general relativity and quantum mechanics the nerve cells involved in muscle. 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stephen hawking left handed