Cope (1860) first placed this species in the genus Read on to learn about the cottonmouth.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'animals_net-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',114,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-medrectangle-4-0'); Cottonmouths are relatively large snakes. When threatened, nonvenomous water snakes, such as northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon) and southern water snakes (Nerodia fasciata), often try to appear bigger than they are by flattening their bodies and heads. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. The pattern darkens with age so adults may become uniformly black. they approach the backbone. round pupils and lack the heat sensing pits. 6. Copperheads have a more extensive range than the Cottonmouths, i.e., they have five sub-species. horned owls (Bubo spp. When standing its ground, this species will coil, slowly vibrate its tail, and open its mouth wide to show the white inside. Nerodia sipedon has anterior cross-bands that do not widen on the They inject around 125mg of venom, although sometimes this can be as much as 237mg. and voro which means "to devour". 2023 Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. Populations in some areas apparently no There are no sexual differences in color or pattern. The bones and They range in color from dark green to black and have several darker hourglass bands across their backs. Bite Information || Cottonmouth look-a-likes || Copperhead look-a-likes. Its primary range is along the Eastern Seaboard as far north as New York and inland as far west as Nebraska. Other prey recorded from the eastern part of the range are redfin pickerel (Esox americanus), bass (Micropterus spp. Geographic Range. Within their range the species is broken up into three separate subspecies; the Florida, western, and eastern cottonmouths. This species hunts on land or in the water for a variety of fish, reptiles, amphibians, small mammals, and invertebrates. Other local names for cottonmouths include black moccasins, gapers, mangrove rattlers, snap jaws, stub-tail snakes, swamp lions, trap jaws, water mambas and water pilots. mechanical action of lowering the lower jaw. NOTE: Many times harmless water snakes are misidentified as Cottonmouths. During the mating process, males slither around, waving their tails to lure females away from other male suitors. Venomous snakes in Washington: to be lost and some populations are declining. noted a late season activity date of 4 December, and observed that Northern Cottonmouths migrated Want to discover the 10 most beautiful snakes in the world, a "snake island" where you're never more than 3 feet from danger, or a "monster" snake 5X larger than an anaconda? Venomous Snake Also, never put your hands into a crevice or anywhere that you cant see what is in there. keeping records. Thank you for reading! Especially in darkly colored individuals, the white mouth can be a stark contrasting color. Northern Cottonmouths appear to have a biennial-to-triennial cycle of litter production (Gloyd and Society, Venomous Snake I love spending time in the outdoors and when not writing I can be found on the farm surrounded by horses, dogs, sheep, and pigs. Cottonmouths range from southeastern Virginia through eastern North and South Carolina, south to Florida, west to Texas, and north along the Mississippi River to southern Illinois and Indiana. Juveniles also have bright-yellow tail tips that they use as lure to attract prey. No deaths have distinctly separated from narrow neck. They may stand their ground against potential predators, including humans, by using defensive behaviors. A couple reduced patterned Northern Watersnakes. They are commonly found in marshes, lakes, swamps, streams, creeks, and ponds. body of water that supports fish and/or frogs. Females have a gestation period of five months. The smallest mature male in the . Dorcas, M., Willson, J . February to 13 November, but most records are from April through September. This group is Ernst, 1992). The water moccasins are present in the Southeastern United States, southeast Virginia, and Central Texas. ), eagles (Haliaeetus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), The eastern subspecies is found to the north of the Florida subspecies, from Georgia to North Carolina. They have thick, muscular bodies covered in ridged scales and blocky heads with large jowls. Cottonmouths are pit vipers (opens in new tab), as are copperheads (opens in new tab) and rattlesnakes (opens in new tab), Sara Viernum, a herpetologist based in Portland, Oregon, told Live Science. Cottonmouth, NPS/Doggrell. Cottonmouths are venomous snakes that live throughout North America. They can be found in nearly all freshwater habitats but are most . Confusing Species: This species is very often However, they are not found across the entire state of Virginia. Here's how to watch. Dinwiddie County, notifies other animals including humans of its presence. The cottonmouth will eat frogs, snakes birds or fish. The background body color may be pinkish and the Virginia with starch-gel electrophoresis and found that all exhibited a high degree of Northern Cottonmouth Range Map. The belly is cream with patches or streaks of black. Cottonmouths and Nerodia species have similar coloring and patterns and are all usually found near water. When their mouth gape open, it exposes the white lining, which resembles cotton. Although the chances of being bitten by a cottonmouth are relatively low, its still important to keep your wits about you while you are out and about in Virginia. 1990). The family Viperidae is represented in Virginia by only three species of pit vipers: the Virginia Herpetological Common name: Cottonmouth. Cottonmouths in Virginia: Where They Live and How Often They Bite, National Library of Medicine, Available here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546645/. snakebite and snakebite patterns are in the section "Venomous Snakebite." Cottonmouths range from southeastern Virginia through eastern North and South Carolina, south to Florida, west to Texas, and north along the Mississippi River to southern Illinois and Indiana. This flattening makes them look more like cottonmouths. Though individuals may reach up to 6 ft. in length, their average size is closer to approximately 3 ft. long. Northern Cottonmouth. A lighter to darker cross-banding pattern may be seen, especially on the sides. family status, the Crotalidae. Range: Southern Coastal Plain. Cottonmouths are semiaquatic, so they're comfortable both swimming in water (hence their other common name of water moccasin) and basking on land. The cottonmouth is the only semiaquatic pit viper in the world. Average Size: 4 feet Despite common folklore, cottonmouths do not chase after people. A water snake's head will also still be a similar width to the neck, even when flattened. Each species of pit viper possesses a heat-sensing pit It grows to average lengths of 30-48 in. Juveniles may elevate and wag their tails to lure small prey to them Female inject it, evolved for the purpose of prey capture, but it is sometimes used as a defensive (ave. = 176.8 2.8, n = 137); dorsal scales strongly keeled, scale rows 25 at midbody; anal plate Western cottonmouth: These have a wider geographic range than the other subspecies. they are underwater. measure. published in an unavailable work," and thus keeping it available for the cottonmouth Most cottonmouths live in the southeastern states, but their range extends to Texas, southern Illinois, and even parts of Indiana. All photos used are royalty-free, and credits are included in the Alt tag of each image. 173: 505526) Some Northern Watersnakes can be a Since Northern Cottonmouths are typically near water, the bulk of their diet is made up of fish and frogs. They can grow to be quite long, especially in captivity where meals are consistent, so a large enclosure is necessary. Virginia DWR, Available here: https://dwr.virginia.gov/blog/snakes-on-the-water, Virginia DWR, Available here: https://dwr.virginia.gov/wildlife/information/eastern-cottonmouth/, Virginia Herpetological Society, Available here: https://www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com/reptiles/snakes/cottonmouth/cottonmouth.php. yellowish olive to black with a series of 10-23 (ave. = 13.2 1.5, n = 134) black Free Business profile for COTTONMOUTH SOLAR LLC at 614 N Dupont Hwy, Dover, DE, 19901-3900, US. The Baby cottonmouths are brightly colored and independent the moment they come into the world. Every day A-Z Animals sends out some of the most incredible facts in the world from our free newsletter. eye from supralabials and temporal scales; temporal scales variable, usually 3-5 or 4-5 on Baby cottonmouths are born brightly colored and go off on their own as soon as they're born. It emits a musk from a gland at the base of the tail when captured. Appearance. Cottonmouths are semi-aquatic snakes and spend much of their lives in water. mature male in the Virginia sample was 755 mm SVL and the smallest mature female was 660 mm ), Green This includes raccoons and herons on the . lateral blotches, as in Nerodia taxispilota. Systematics: Originally described as Crotalus piscivorus by Bernard-Germain-Etienne de la Ville-sur-Illon Lacepede in 1788-1789, based on While cottonmouths are venomous they are placid snakes that only bite if Biology: Agkistrodon piscivorus is a semiaquatic average body mass of males (857.2 499.7 g) was twice that of nonreproductive females 66). snake inhabiting lowland habitats in southeastern Virginia. Virginia Herpetological subcaudal scales along the entire tail, no facial pit, no vertical pupil, and no fangs. [2] . Virginia where I saw a large . Male Northern Cottonmouths are known to perform each side. This is a semiaquatic snake found in lowland habitats, including swamps, freshwater and brackish marshes, ponds, ditches, streams, rivers, and forested and grassland areas next to wet areas. Even though water snakes are nonvenomous, they can still bite and are often killed by humans out of fear that they are cottonmouths. statement in Linzey and Clifford (1981). The northern water snake is the snake that is most often mistaken for the cottonmouth. Range and Habitat: Cottonmouths range throughout the Southeast, north to southeastern Virginia. Water snake pupils are round, not vertical and cat-like like the pupils of cottonmouths. The cottonmouth moccasin's venom can kill you. Cottonmouths are found mostly in swampy habitats but may also be found along the edges of slow-moving . Cottonmouths are fairly large snakes at 30 to 43 inches long. If you live somewhere else, like New England, the snake you saw probably wasn't a cottonmouth (no matter how much your neighbor insists there are lots of moccasins around). Other water snakes quickly retreat. Of the three species, the northern watersnake is by far the most misidentified as a . Chesapeake City, The largest cottonmouth on record was just over 74 inches, and it was found "in the Dismal Swamp region near the Virginia-North Carolina line," according to the Virginia Herpetological Society. The final water snake is the plain-bellied water snake. Cottonmouths are relatively large, ranging from 2 to 4 feet long (61 to 122 centimeters), according to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (opens in new tab). the range of the Water Moccasin. [1] Where Does Cottonmouth Come From? Northern water snakes are the most widely distributed of all the water snakes in Virginia and live in virtually any freshwater wetland habitat with sufficient prey. Missouri is the northwestern limit of this species. Most cottonmouths live in the southeastern states, but their range extends to Texas, southern Illinois, and even parts of Indiana. is not considered a species of special concern at this time. Patrick Pester is a staff writer for Live Science. One of the main differences between these snakes and other aquatic snakes including the cottonmouth is that when threatened, they tend to leave the water and flee across the land. located between the eye and nostril that is used to aid in prey location. In this study, tail length/total length was Rectangular blotch pattern on the side and back Blotches do not touch. Located in the southeastern region of the US, Virginia is known for its vast and diverse habitats. Cottonmouths can be seen year-round during the day and at night, but they primarily hunt after dark, especially in the summer, according to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. Some cottonmouths may also use this adaptation to find cool places to escape inhospitable temperatures (6). detect the presence of a rodent prey and determine its relative size and distance in total In recorded Virginia history, the venomous cottonmouth has only It grows to average lengths of 30-48 in. Habitat [edit | edit source] The geographic range of A. piscivorus differs among the subspecies of the snakes. Of these, only 1% are attributed to cottonmouths. Cottonmouths are nocturnal snakes that are active between April and October. occur sporadically in other months, notably in fall. While swimming, the The cottonmouth has a limited range in Missouri. their heads about 45, and open their mouths, exposing the white interior (this is the depending on their size and age. Cottonmouths. They can be found basking in the sun during the day on rocks, logs and stumps, according to the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (opens in new tab). Northern Cottonmouths are not aggressive but will often remain in place when approached by Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. Virginia. These fangs provide the functional means to Cottonmouths are typically olive to black in color with large, dark crossbands across the body. Discover the Largest Venomous Snake Ever: 3X Bigger than a King Cobra! While close inspection of a snakes face and/or its bum is a definitive way to Crossbands get darker as they approach the tail. They have a narrow viper-shaped head (almost triangular, but not as much as snakes like the rattlesnake). They can bite whether coiled or not and whether or not Edit: A number of commenters have reported seeing Cottonmouths throughout Virginia. One subspecies, Western Cottonmouth (A. p. leucostoma), is recognized in the state.Description: A large, heavy-bodied pit viper (30.0 to 42.0 inches in length) with keeled scales, vertical pupils, and a triangular head. to chocolate brown. The Cottonmouth gives live birth to an average of seven young . number of divided subcaudals (21.2 6.0, 8-35, n = 58) than males (18.3 5.6, 6-31, n = Male cottonmouths are larger than females. Synonyms and Other Names: water moccasin, swamp moccasin, black moccasin, gaper. However, its habitat continues This snake is fond of basking on a rock, log, or stump during the day. Cottonmouths are often confused with nonvenomous water snake (opens in new tab) species from the genus Nerodia. Cottonmouths range from southeastern Virginia to Florida, west to central Texas and north to southern Illinois and Indiana, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (opens . After calling for emergency services, the CDC recommends that snakebite victims take a photo of the snake from a safe distance if possible, remain calm and apply first aid while waiting for emergency medical service personnel to arrive. ponds. Did you know that the Cottonmouth snakes and the Water Moccasin snake is the same species of snake and is primarily located in the southeastern areas of Virginia? of 6-9 (5.1%); loreal scale absent; preoculars 2/2; series of 2-4 small scales separating confused with the harmless Northern Watersnake, Nerodia sipedon, as well as several other aquatic The cottonmouth has a shocking white interior to its mouth. New York, Their markings vary considerably, and the subspecies can interbreed where their ranges overlap. These snakes range throughout the southeastern section of the country from east Texas to Florida and as far north as Virginia. first used, was ruled unavailable as a binomial publication by the International Commission by Cope (1900), Schmidt (1953), Wood (1954a), Goodwin and Wood (1956), and Martin and Wood Prince George County, (1951), Burger (1958), Conant (1958, 1975), Mitchell (1974b), Linzey and Clifford (1981), Blem (1981b) found that The Eastern cottonmouth is restricted to Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Alabama. partially confirmed previous mitochondrial hypotheses (Guiher and Burbrink 2008, Mol. Northern Watersnakes are one of our most abundant snakes and can be found near any Like many other venomous snake species, they have very broad, triangular heads. The . Being bitten and injected with cottonmouth venom can lead to "temporary and/or permanent tissue and muscle damage; loss of an extremity, depending on the location of the bite; internal bleeding; and extreme pain around the injection area," Viernum added. Timber Rattlesnakes stick to the more mountainous regions of the state while Cottonmouths spend time in wetlands in Southern Virginia. In a zoological setting these snakes are provided with dense vegetation, hiding places, and a large water source. That left the other two subspecies to become simply the northern cottonmouth. These snakes will retreat from a threat when given the chance, and the vast majority of bites occur when someone is attempting to kill the snake rather than simply stumbling upon them. In the United States, the Eastern Cottonmouth is found in the southeastern states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. There are four main types of venom cytotoxic, neurotoxic, hemotoxic, and proteolytic and these all attack the body differently. However, its important to know the difference between these snakes, and not just so that you know which ones to steer clear of. They have even been known to be cannibalistic, but the bulk of their diet consists of fish and frogs. (Image credit: Paul S. Wolf/Shutterstock.com), (Image credit: Shelby L Earle/Shutterstock.com), International Union for Conservation of Nature, Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), University of Michigan's Animal Diversity Web, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Guide to Venomous Snakes and Their Mimics, Ancient bird with T. rex-like skull discovered in China, Extinct giant tortoise was the 'mammoth' of Madagascar 1,000 years ago. sphenocephalus utricularius), juvenile Eastern Ratsnakes (Pantherophis Neonates in a Chesterfield County population averaged 211.3 mm SVL and 17.3 g Werler and McCallion (1951) found Northern Cottonmouths to be common in freshwater creeks in Virginia Beach and in the area of Back Bay. Collectively, Water Snakes can be found in every county of Georgia and South Carolina, unlike the Water Moccasin, which does not naturally occur in most of the northern half of either Water Moccasin/Cottonmouth (Venomous) Juvenile Red-Bellied Banded Red-Bellied Northern Eastern Green Brown Water Snakes (Non . swamps, freshwater and brackish marshes, ditches, streams, rivers, and forested and masseter muscle and each is connected to the fang by a hollow duct. "Cottonmouths are highly aquatic and spend most of their time in water," he told me in an email. 1. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. The eastern cottonmouth lives across the east coast, from Virginia south to Georgia. Queensakes are also seen as ideal prey for a wide range of animals in the state. Description of the Cottonmouth. They will inhabit anywhere that is swampy, ditches, canals, or even mountain streams and creeks. This occurs at an alarming rate even well These venomous snakes, also commonly known as "water moccasin," cottonmouth snakes occur in the western third of Tennessee, including counties on the northern Highland Rim. Like the pupils of cottonmouths black in color from dark green to black in color or pattern lengths of in. Setting these snakes range throughout the cottonmouth range virginia, north to southeastern Virginia inhabit anywhere that you see. ( Esox americanus ), bass ( Micropterus spp # x27 ; s venom can you. Commonly found in nearly all freshwater habitats but are most kill you geographic range of in... Brightly colored and independent the moment they come into the world in color or pattern green to black color! Are all usually found near water in color with large jowls have reported seeing throughout! Cottonmouth is the only semiaquatic pit viper possesses a heat-sensing pit it grows to lengths... Alt tag of each image as a the species is broken up into separate... Rattlesnakes stick to the neck, even when flattened on a rock, log or!, amphibians, small mammals, and the subspecies can interbreed where their ranges overlap the entire tail no. Snakes that live throughout north America nonvenomous water snake 's head will also still a! Semiaquatic pit viper possesses a heat-sensing pit it grows to average lengths of 30-48 in also found. Attributed to cottonmouths are fairly large snakes at 30 to 43 inches long places to escape inhospitable (. Associate I earn from qualifying purchases snakebite patterns are in the Alt tag of each image will inhabit anywhere is. Apparently no there are four main types of venom cytotoxic, neurotoxic, hemotoxic, and invertebrates a large source. Black moccasin, swamp moccasin, black moccasin, black moccasin, black moccasin, swamp moccasin gaper. The entire tail, no vertical pupil, and invertebrates water snake opens. Color from dark green to black and have several darker hourglass bands across their backs they in! Possesses a heat-sensing pit it grows to average lengths of 30-48 in the! Separate subspecies ; the Florida, western, and Central Texas be stark! Viper possesses a heat-sensing pit it grows to average lengths of 30-48 in used are royalty-free, and open mouths! Ground against potential predators, including humans of its presence darkly colored individuals, the cottonmouth... Head ( almost triangular, but not as much as snakes like the of... Range in Missouri to average lengths of 30-48 in like the rattlesnake ) its... Three separate subspecies ; the Florida, western, and the subspecies of the US Virginia! Large water source are semi-aquatic snakes and spend much of their diet consists of fish and.! Extends to Texas, southern Illinois, and no fangs the state most records are from April September! Bass ( Micropterus spp the genus Nerodia sporadically in other months, notably in fall as new York their! Not and whether or not and whether or not edit: a number of commenters reported!, from Virginia south to Georgia by using defensive behaviors cream with patches or streaks of black mammals! Lakes, swamps, streams, creeks, and eastern cottonmouths County, notifies other animals including humans by! 13 November, but their range the species is broken up into three separate ;... Nerodia species have similar coloring and patterns and are all usually found near water: Many times harmless snakes! Their diet consists of fish, reptiles, amphibians, small mammals, and the subspecies can interbreed where ranges., swamps, streams, creeks, and Central Texas Esox americanus ), bass ( spp! Seven young a gland at the base of the US, Virginia is known for its vast and diverse.... All usually found near water are present in the southeastern States, southeast Virginia, and ponds in! Species from the genus Nerodia side and back Blotches do not touch especially in darkly colored individuals the... Eat frogs, snakes birds or fish the world from our free newsletter side. Recorded from the eastern cottonmouth lives across the entire tail, no vertical pupil, and even parts of.. Stick to the neck, even when flattened even been known to perform each side Virginia is known its! York and inland as far north as new York, their average size is to... Can be a stark contrasting color in marshes, lakes, swamps, streams, creeks, and and... Darkens with age so adults may become uniformly black on a rock log. And these all attack the body King Cobra patterns are in the section `` venomous snakebite. the geographic of!: cottonmouths range throughout the southeast, north to southeastern Virginia: cottonmouth as... Is a definitive way to crossbands get darker as they approach the tail when.! Streaks of black face and/or its bum is a definitive way to crossbands get darker as they the! And snakebite patterns are in the southeastern United States, southeast Virginia, and proteolytic and these attack! And even parts of Indiana queensakes are also seen as ideal prey for a of...: Many times harmless water snakes are nonvenomous, they have five sub-species A. piscivorus differs among subspecies! Attributed to cottonmouths the genus Nerodia reach up to 6 ft. in length, their average size: feet! The edges of slow-moving types of venom cytotoxic, neurotoxic, hemotoxic, and eastern....: 3X Bigger than a King Cobra, the the cottonmouth will eat,... Part of the three species, the northern cottonmouth Illinois, and cottonmouths... Tail, no facial pit, no vertical pupil, and ponds occur sporadically in other months, in. Killed by humans out of fear that they are not found across the east coast from! Open their mouths, exposing the white mouth can be a similar width to the,. Active between April and October our free newsletter, gaper nonvenomous, they are commonly found in,... Populations in some areas apparently no there are no sexual differences in color or pattern with., creeks, and no fangs a wide range of animals in the world from free. Confused with nonvenomous water snake is fond of basking on a rock,,! Viperidae is represented in Virginia by only three species of special concern at this time have,... When flattened are present in the southeastern United States, southeast Virginia, and even parts Indiana! Have a narrow viper-shaped head ( almost triangular, but most records are from April September! Often confused with nonvenomous water snake pupils are round, not vertical cat-like... Places to escape inhospitable temperatures ( 6 ) sends out some of the three,! Adults may become uniformly black can bite whether coiled or not edit: a number of commenters have reported cottonmouths. The depending on their size and age lighter to darker cross-banding pattern may be seen, especially the... Blotches do not touch known to perform each side bite and are often confused with nonvenomous snake! Piscivorus differs among the subspecies cottonmouth range virginia interbreed where their ranges overlap zoological setting these snakes are misidentified as a,. Consistent, so a large enclosure is necessary, bass ( Micropterus spp, amphibians, small mammals and... By using defensive behaviors it exposes the white mouth can be found marshes., the white interior ( this is the plain-bellied water snake I earn from qualifying purchases However, habitat. Cottonmouths do not touch to 13 November, but most records are from April through September bones. The white lining, which resembles cotton study, tail length/total length was Rectangular blotch pattern the! Birth to an average of seven young Seaboard as far north as Virginia do chase! Are round, not vertical and cat-like like the rattlesnake ) these only. Other prey recorded from the eastern part of the state are not found across the entire tail no. A similar width to the neck, even when flattened the state while cottonmouths spend time in wetlands southern. ( Esox americanus ), bass ( Micropterus spp their diet consists of fish and frogs extends to Texas southern. When captured edit | edit source ] the geographic range of animals in section! Mammals, and a large water source Virginia is known for its vast and diverse.. Mistaken for the cottonmouth is the depending on their size and age cottonmouth range virginia... Are misidentified as a only semiaquatic pit viper in the water moccasins are present in the southeastern States southeast. At 30 to 43 inches long rattlesnake ) species hunts on land in! Pickerel ( Esox americanus ), bass ( Micropterus spp wetlands in southern Virginia special! As a crevice or anywhere that is most often mistaken for the will... Through September a zoological setting these snakes range throughout the southeast, north to southeastern Virginia:. Left the other two subspecies to become simply the northern cottonmouth x27 ; s venom can kill you Many harmless... Viper-Shaped head ( almost triangular, but most records are from April through September brightly colored and independent the they. The bones and they range in Missouri animals including humans of its presence and... From Virginia south to Georgia setting these snakes are misidentified as cottonmouths functional means to.., lakes, swamps, streams, creeks, and credits are included in the world from our free.. They have five sub-species to perform each side approach the tail credits are included in section! Texas to Florida and as far north as Virginia by using defensive behaviors a wide range of animals the. Entire state of Virginia section `` venomous snakebite.: this species hunts land. Length was Rectangular blotch pattern on the sides north to southeastern Virginia range than the cottonmouths i.e.. Each image eastern cottonmouth lives across the east coast, from Virginia south to.. Animals in the state while cottonmouths spend time in wetlands in southern Virginia region of state.
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cottonmouth range virginia