is south korea a unitary state

It was not until the 1960s under the dictatorship of Park Chung-hee where South Korea's economy rapidly grew from industrialization and the Chaebol corporations such as Samsung and LG. [75] However, Later Silla weakened under internal strife and the revival of Baekje and Goguryeo, which led to the Later Three Kingdoms period in the late ninth century. South Korea is a unitary state council having a presidential system, and thus it is a constitutional republic. [190][191] An average South Korean student's life revolves around education, with intense competition for top grades, pressure to succeed academically and being the top student deeply ingrained in the psyche of South Korean students at a young age. [219], Suicide in South Korea is the 10th highest in the world according to the World Health Organization, as well as the highest suicide rate in the OECD.[220][221]. The South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism actively encourages the traditional arts, as well as modern forms, through funding and education programs. The U.S. and Koreas Joseon Dynasty established diplomatic relations under the 1882 Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, and the first U.S. diplomatic envoy arrived in Korea in 1883. Spring usually lasts from late March to early May, summer from mid-May to early September, autumn from mid-September to early November, and winter from mid-November to mid-March. [343] Arirang-1 was lost in space in 2008, after nine years in service. Describe whether the country is a Unitary or Federal government system. It ranks nineteenth globally by Human Development Index, and has the third-highest life expectancy in the world. A fully functioning UN Command is at the top of the chain of command of all forces in South Korea, including the U.S. forces and the entire South Korean military if a sudden escalation of war between North and South Korea were to occur the United States would assume control of the South Korean armed forces in all military and paramilitary moves. [382], In addition to domestic consumption, South Korea has a thriving entertainment industry where various facets of South Korean entertainment, including television dramas, films, and popular music, has generated significant financial revenues for the nation's economy. [304] A second carrier, Asiana Airlines also serves domestic and international traffic. [53] Later Silla was a golden age of art and culture,[54][55][56][57] as evidenced by the Hwangnyongsa, Seokguram, and Emille Bell. The National Assembly ( Gukhoe) has 300 members, elected for a four-year term, 253 members in single-seat constituencies and 47 members by proportional representation. [364], South Korea shares its traditional culture with North Korea, but the two Koreas have developed distinct contemporary forms of culture since the peninsula was divided in 1945. Local governments are semi-autonomous, and contain executive and legislative bodies of their own. Every 15th day of the 8th lunar month, Koreans celebrate the Midautumn Festival, in which Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns and eat a variety of traditional Korean foods. The name Daehan (Great Han) derives from Samhan (Three Han), referring to the Three Kingdoms of Korea, not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula. [289] The South Korean economy is heavily dependent on international trade, and in 2014, South Korea was the fifth-largest exporter and seventh-largest importer in the world. Changing economics and lifestyles have led to a concentration of population in major cities, especially the capital Seoul, with multi-generational households separating into nuclear family living arrangements. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. "M" means multiple times. and sharing the land border with North Korea and Jeju. [320], South Korean tourism is driven by many factors, including the prominence of Korean pop culture such as South Korean pop music and television dramas, known as the Korean Wave or Hallyu, has gained popularity throughout East Asia. [156] The country is noted for its population density, which was an estimated 505 per square kilometer in 2015,[152] more than 10 times the global average. [290][291] The International Monetary Fund compliments the resilience of the South Korean economy against various economic crises, citing low state debt and high fiscal reserves that can quickly be mobilized to address financial emergencies. [29] After defeating the Khitan Empire, which was the most powerful empire of its time,[80][81] in the GoryeoKhitan War, Goryeo experienced a golden age that lasted a century, during which the Tripitaka Koreana was completed and there were great developments in printing and publishing, promoting learning and dispersing knowledge on philosophy, literature, religion, and science; by 1100, there were 12 universities that produced famous scholars and scientists. The liberal camp and the conservative camp are the dominant forces of South Korean politics at present. Christianity's similarity to native religious narratives has been studied as another factor that contributed to its success in the peninsula. Roh went on to win the election by a narrow margin against the two main opposition leaders, Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam. The central government may create (or abolish) administrative divisions (sub-national units). [326], Scientific and technological development in South Korea at first did not occur largely because of more pressing matters such as the division of Korea and the Korean War that occurred right after its independence. [353] South Korea has sought the assistance of foreign countries such as Russia through MTCR commitments to supplement its restricted domestic rocket technology. [241] South Korea is also China's fourth largest trading partner, with $93 billion of Chinese imports in 2016. [189] With incredible pressure on high school students to secure places at the nation's best universities, its institutional reputation and alumni networks are strong predictors of future career prospects. South Korea is a transit point for Southeast Asian fishermen subjected to forced labor on fishing ships bound for Fiji and other ports in the Pacific. What followed was a period of forced assimilation, in which Korean language, culture, and history were suppressed. South Korea is a regional power and a highly developed country, with its economy being ranked as the world's thirteenth-largest by nominal GDP and the fourteenth-largest by GDP (PPP). [82][83] However, the Mongol invasions in the 13th century greatly weakened the kingdom. An official website of the United States Government, History of U.S. Relations With South Korea, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Country Page, Office of the U.S. Furthermore, the Joseon government adopted a strict isolationist policy, earning the nickname "the hermit kingdom", but ultimately failed to protect itself against imperialism and was forced to open its borders. South Korea's total population in 1955 was 21.5 million,[160] and has more than doubled, to 50 million, by 2010. This includes 1,412,800 J&J, doses. Department Press Briefing January 13, 2023, Department Press Briefing January 12, 2023, 2023 Indo-Pacific Business Forum Promotes Inclusive and Sustainable Growth in the Indo-Pacific, Department Press Briefing January 9, 2023, Department Press Briefing Index Monday, January 9, 2023. [115], South Korea saw another milestone in 2012 with the first ever female president Park Geun-hye elected and assuming office. Because of social instability, social issues appeared as main subjects in the 1980s. [154][155] In 2021, the fertility rate stood at just 0.81 children per woman. In 936, the Later Three Kingdoms were united by Wang Geon, a descendant of Goguryeo nobility,[76] who established Goryeo as the successor state of Goguryeo. [326] The national pension scheme is divided into four categories of insured persons the workplace-based insured, the individually insured, the voluntarily insured, and the voluntarily and continuously insured. [159], The population has also been shaped by international migration. [265], Unresolved tension with North Korea has prompted South Korea to allocate 2.6% of its GDP and 15% of all government spending to its military (Government share of GDP: 14.967%), while maintaining compulsory conscription for men. [34] Gojoseon expanded until it controlled the northern Korean Peninsula and parts of Manchuria. Korea is unique among East Asian countries in its use of metal chopsticks. Follow @SecBlinken for more from the Secretary. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. A 2014 Euromonitor study found that South Koreans drink the most alcohol on a weekly basis compared to the rest of the world. [305] Smaller airlines, such as Jeju Air, provide domestic service with lower fares. [131] South Korea had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.02/10, ranking it 87th globally out of 172 countries. [citation needed] Consequently, South Korea has the world's seventh largest number of active troops (599,000 in 2018), the world's highest number of reserve troops (3,100,000 in 2018). The country, including all its islands, lies between latitudes 33 and 39N, and longitudes 124 and 130E. The winners were announced on 29 September 2013 and shared a total prize pool of 80 million won (US$74,000). Despite the continuing ties, the Kaesong Industrial Region has seen a large decrease in investment and manpower as a result of this military conflict. Between 1592 and 1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched invasions of Korea, but his advance was halted by Korean forces (most notably the Joseon Navy led by Admiral Yi Sun-sin and his renowned "turtle ship") with assistance from Righteous Army militias formed by Korean civilians, and Ming dynasty Chinese troops. Robotics has been included in the list of main national R&D projects in Korea since 2003. [322] South Korea's pension system structure is primarily based on taxation and is income-related. Following the Armistice, South Korea and the U.S. agreed to a "Mutual Defense Treaty", under which an attack on either party in the Pacific area would summon a response from both. [303], The national carrier, Korean Air served over 26,800,000 passengers, including almost 19,000,000 international passengers in 2016. This trend of net entry reversed over the next 40 years because of emigration, especially to North America through the United States and Canada. Ancient architects adopted the bracket system characterized by thatched roofs and heated floors called ondol. [317], In 2016, 17 million foreign tourists visited South Korea. Both North and South Korea claim complete sovereignty over the entire peninsula and outlying islands. [327] Persons covered by the individually insured pension scheme are in charge of paying the entire 9% contribution themselves. Major U.S. firms have long been leading investors, while the R.O.K.s top firms have made significant investments in the U.S. In 2015, South Korea ranked third highest globally in cosmetic procedures per capita. South Korea hosted the Asian Games in 1986 (Seoul), 2002 (Busan), and 2014 (Incheon). Many dramas tend to have a romantic focus, such as Princess Hours, You're Beautiful, Playful Kiss, My Name is Kim Sam Soon, Boys Over Flowers, Winter Sonata, Autumn in My Heart, Full House, City Hunter, All About Eve, Secret Garden, I Can Hear Your Voice, Master's Sun, My Love from the Star, Healer, Descendants of the Sun, Guardian: The Lonely and Great God and Reply (TV series) . Oliver, Christian. [25][26] However, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name. During World WarII, more than 100,000 Koreans served in the Imperial Japanese Army. It is a unitary state, containing forty-seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its Head of State. Eventually, Chun's party, the Democratic Justice Party, and its leader, Roh Tae-woo, announced the June 29 Declaration, which included the direct election of the president. 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